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| Home / Farm Tractors / Case IH Tractors / Case IH 856XL |
Case IH 856 XL Troubleshooting
The
Case IH 856 XL utility tractor was manufactured from 1985 to 1987. The Case IH
856XL powertrain system components: a 239 cu.in (3.9 L) International Harvester
DT239 four-cylinder direct injection turbocharged diesel engine and IH
Total-synchron transmission with 16 forward and 8 reverse gears.
The engine has a cylinder bore of 3.87" (98.4 mm), piston stroke of 5.06" (128.5 mm), and rated power of 85 hp (63.4 kW). The maximum travel speed (forward/reverse): 15.7 mph (25.3 kph) and 10.8 mph (17.4 kph). The open center hydraulic system has a gear pump with a rated capacity of 6.6 gal/min (25 l/min).
The hydraulic pressure is 170 bar (2465 psi). The 2-wheel drive models are equipped with 10.00x16 front tires and 16.9R34 rear tires. The 13.6x24 front tires and 16.9R34 rear tires are used for tractors with 4-wheel drive. The wheelbase is 93.9 (2380 mm) for 2WD models and 92.4 (2340 mm) for 4WD models.
| Diesel Engine Troubleshooting |
| Engine hard to start or won't start |
Air in fuel system - Bleed fuel system.
Fuel filter element is dirty - Replace filter element.
Fuel injection nozzles are dirty or defective - Clean or change injection nozzles.
Water in the fuel system - Change fuel and repair fuel system.
Valve clearance is out of adjustment - Adjust to proper valve clearance.
Fuel injection pump is faulty - Repair or install new pump.
| Diesel starts and stops |
Air filter clogged - Service or replace the air filter.
Fuel filter element clogging - Clean the filter or install new filter element.
Fuel injection pump is leaking - Repair any leaks.
Clogged or defective injectors - Inspect fuel injectors and change as required.
Fuel injection pump is not working correctly - Rebuild or install a new injection pump.
| Engine shuts off suddenly while running |
Engine is not fully warmed up - Warm up to required temperature.
Clogged fuel filter - Install new filter element.
Air in the fuel system - Air bleeding.
Fuel injection nozzles are dirty or defective - Replace injection nozzles.
Incorrect adjustment of fuel injection pump timing - Adjust as recommended.
| Engine stalling at idle |
Incorrect low idle speed adjustment - Adjust low idle speed.
Fuel injection pump is faulty - Replace or repair injection pump.
Dirty or defective injectors - Inspect fuel injectors and change as required.
Improper valve clearance - Adjust to proper valve clearance.
| Engine loses power |
Clogged air filter - Clean or replace element.
Fuel injection nozzles fault - Check injection nozzles and replace if required.
Improper fuel injection pressure - Check the fuel injection pressure and adjust if necessary.
Excessive valve clearance - Adjust valve clearance according to specifications.
Incorrect low idle setting - Test and adjust.
Fuel hoses or lines are dirty - Service fuel hoses and lines.
Defective cylinder head gasket - Cylinder-head gasket replacement required.
Piston rings are damaged or leaking - Change piston rings.
| Engine overheated |
Coolant level is low - The cooling system needs to be refilled and checked for faults.
Engine oil level is insufficient - Checking oil level and add if necessary.
Clogged radiator fins or damaged radiator cap - Clean radiator or change cap.
Loose or defective fan belt - If necessary, replace the belt.
Engine is overloaded - Reduce load on the engine.
| Low oil pressure |
Insufficient engine oil - Check oil level and add oil as required.
Oil filter element clogged - Service or change engine oil filter element.
Oil grade or viscosity is wrong - Drain and refill with oil of correct grade and viscosity.
Incorrect crankshaft bearing oil clearance - Replace bearings.
Oil pump failure - Repair or replace.
| Abnormal engine noise or knocking |
Engine oil level low - Fill the crankcase with engine oil.
Low coolant temperature - Warm up engine as required.
Fuel injection pump timing is wrong - Use the correct fuel injection pump timing adjustment.
Incorrectly set low idle speed - Adjust the low idle speed.
Fuel injectors are dirty or defective - Inspect fuel injectors and change as required.
Connecting rod failure or misalignment - Connecting rod needs to be aligned or changed.
Scored or worn pistons - Install new pistons.
| Transmission Troubleshooting |
| Low transmission oil pressure |
Low fluid level - Check and refill the transmission fluid.
Dirty transmission oil filter element (if equipped) - Service or replace the transmission oil filter.
Stuck relief valve - Change the valve.
| Excessive transmission noise |
Transmission oil insufficient - Fill the transmission housing to proper oil level.
Transmission oil contamination - Transmission oil change required.
Worn gears or incorrect backlash - Replace gears or adjust backlash correctly.
Worn or cracked bearings - Change the bearings.
Damaged or worn gear shift forks - Shift forks need to be replaced.
Shaft splines are stuck or worn out - Shaft need to be changed.
| Hard shifting |
Gear shift linkage is corroded or worn - Replace or lubricate the shift linkage.
Worn or bent gear shift forks - Change the shift forks.
Gear shifting mechanism is defective - Defective parts must be replaced.
Clutch is worn or not adjusted - Adjust or install new clutch.
| Transmission oil leakage |
High transmission fluid level - Drain the excess fluid.
Broken seals or gaskets - Seals and gaskets need to be replaced.
| Hydraulics Troubleshooting |
| Hydraulic oil pressure is low |
Insufficient hydraulic oil - Need to add oil.
Clogged hydraulic fluid filter element - Service or replace the hydraulic filter.
Hydraulic pump not working - Repair or replace hydraulic oil pump.
Hydraulic control valve block is out of adjustment - Control valve needs to be adjusted.
Defective hydraulic cylinder - Repair or change hydraulic cylinder.
Leaking hydraulic lines - Inspect hydraulic system for leaks and repair it.
| Excessive hydraulic system heat |
Main relief valve malfunction - Replace relief valve.
Improper hydraulic fluid type - Use the proper type of hydraulic fluid.
Hydraulic fluid is dirty - Hydraulic fluid change required.
Air trapped in hydraulic system - Bleed air from system.
| Hitch can't lift or lifts too slowly |
Excessive hitch loading - Reduce the load is required.
Low hydraulic oil level - Check and refill the hydraulic oil.
Clogged hydraulic fluid filter - Service or replace the hydraulic filter.
Hydraulic pump failure - Install a new hydraulic oil pump.
Defective main relief valve - Change relief valve.
Defective hydraulic spool valve block - Replace or repair the valve.
Hydraulic cylinder not working - Change or repair hydraulic cylinder.
Disconnected or broken suction pipe - Connect or change pipe.
| Hitch not lowering or hitch lowers slowly |
Incorrect setting hydraulic control valve block - Set correctly.
Hydraulic cylinder not working - Repair or change hydraulic cylinder.
The three-point hitch is not adjusted - Adjustment is required.
Hitch rock shaft is worn Change the shaft.
| Hitch jerks when drop or lift |
Air trapped in hydraulic system - Bleed air from system.
Hydraulic oil contamination - Change the oil.
Hydraulic pump is defective - Replace or repair hydraulic oil pump.
Defective hydraulic control valve - Replace or repair the valve.
Hydraulic cylinder is faulty - Replace or repair hydraulic cylinder.
| Steering System Troubleshooting |
| Heavy steering |
Incorrectly fitted or worn steering column - Refit or replace the steering column.
Air in the hydraulic steering system - Bleed air from system.
Incorrect toe-in - Adjust toe-in wheels.
Tires have uneven wear - Replace the tires.
Faulty steering pump - Replace or repair steering pump.
Pump flow control valve is damaged or stuck - Service or change control valve.
Low steering fluid level - Fill the steering system with fluid.
| Excessive play in steering |
Steering column coupling or shaft has maximum wear - Replace faulty component.
Defective hydraulic steering pump - Check the steering pump and replace if necessary.
Steering linkage assembly is worn or loose - Repair or replace steering linkage.
| Front wheels wander to left or right |
Front tires wear unevenly - Change the tires.
Improper toe-in - Adjust toe-in properly.
Steering linkage assembly is worn or loose - Change or repair steering linkage.
Front wheel bearings are defective or improperly adjusted - Adjust properly or change bearings.
| Electrical Troubleshooting |
| Battery won’t charge |
Electrical cable connections are corroded or loose - Clean or tighten connections.
Faulty battery terminal clamps - Terminal clamps need to be replaced.
Dead cell in battery - Install a new battery.
Loose or defective belt - Change belt or adjust belt tension.
| Starter motor turns slow |
Low battery output - Charge the battery.
Battery does not hold charge - Service or change the battery.
Disconnected wires or corroded battery terminals - Check wire connections and change or service terminals.
| Starter will not crank |
Battery is discharged or defective - Change or recharge battery.
Battery wires are disconnected or incorrectly connected - Check wires and connect correctly.
Battery voltage is low - Battery is drained, charge it.
Starter motor failing - Repair or replace starter.
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| Farm Tractors Technical Specifications |