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John Deere 2510 Troubleshooting
The
John Deere 2510 is a two-wheel drive row-crop tractor. This model was
manufactured between 1965 and 1968. The John Deere 2510 tractor is powered by
202.7 cubic inches four-cylinder valve-in-head diesel engine with a maximum
power of 53 Hp (39.3 kW) at 2500 rev/min, or 180.4 cubic inches 4-cylinder
8-valve gasoline engine.
The John Deere 2510 is fitted with two types of transmission. Type 1:
8x2 Syncro range partially synchronized transmission. Type 2: Full Power
shift transmission with 8 forward and 4 reverse gears.
The maximum forward speed - 17.5 mph (28.1 km/h), max. reverse speed -
4.7 mph (7.5 km/h). The closed center constant pressure hydraulic system
used a piston pump with rated capacity of 12.4 gpm (47 lpm). The main
relief pressure is 155 bar (2250 psi). The John Deere 2510 is equipped
with 6.00x16 front tyres and 13.6x38 rear tyres. The wheelbase is 90
inches (2280 mm). The tractor is compatible with a John Deere 48 front
end loader with a lifting capacity to maximum height of 2400 lbs (1088
kg), and breakout force of 3600 lbs (1632 kg).
| Diesel Engine Troubleshooting |
| Engine won't start or hard to start |
| Plugged fuel filter - Install new filter element |
| Closed fuel supply valve - Open supply valve to inject fuel |
| Fuel-line is leaking air - Retighten clamps, replace defective pipes |
| Dirty or faulty injectors - Inspect fuel injectors and replace if necessary |
| Fuel injection pump failure - Rebuild or replace pump |
| Bad cylinder compression - Check and change damaged parts |
| Diesel stalls while running |
| Coolant temperature is low - Warm up the engine |
| Water, dirt, or air in fuel system - Drain, flush, fill, and bleed system |
| Bad fuel injection - Check and adjust |
| Dirty fuel filter element - Clean the filter element |
| Clogged or damaged injectors - Service or change fuel injectors |
| Diesel starts but then stalls |
| Unadjusted fuel injection pump timing - Adjust the fuel injection pump timing correctly |
| Fuel filter plugging - Replace the filter element |
| Clogged or defective injector nozzles - Install new set of properly balanced nozzles |
| Fuel injection pump is faulty - Repair or replace injection pump |
| Clogged air cleaner element - Air cleaner maintenance required |
| Too low idle RPM - Adjust low idling as recommended |
| Fuel injection pump is damaged - Install a new pump or rebuild |
| Fuel injector nozzles are clogged or faulty - Change or clean injector nozzles |
| Valve clearance is wrong - Adjust to proper valve clearance |
| Engine coolant is insufficient - Fill the cooling system. Inspect the system for leaks |
| Cooling system is dirty or cooling components are failed - Replace faulty parts or flush the cooling system |
| Low engine oil level - Add oil to the engine crankcase |
| Worn fan belt or incorrect belt tension - Adjust belt tension correctly or change it |
| Defective thermostat - Test thermostat opening temperature, replace as required |
| Faulty or dirty injectors - Clean or replace fuel injectors |
| Fuel injection pressure is incorrect - Adjust to proper pressure |
| Air filter element is dirty - Install new filter element or replace it |
| Oil filter element clogging - Clean or replace engine oil filter element |
| Diesel engine overloaded - Change to lower gear or reduce load |
| Valve out of adjustment - Have it adjusted |
| Low idle speed setting is incorrect - Need to adjust idle speed |
| Fuel pipes or hoses clogging - Clean fuel system pipes and hoses |
| Engine compression is low: Valves are broken or leaking - Replace the valves as required |
| Engine knocking sound or abnormal noise |
| Unadjusted fuel injection pump timing - Fuel pump timing settings need to be corrected |
| Fuel injector nozzles fault - Change or clean injector nozzles |
| Engine oil level low - Check oil level and add oil as required |
| Engine is cold - Normalize the temperature by warming up the engine |
| Crankshaft or main bearings failure - Have bearings or crankshaft replaced |
| Broken or defective piston rings - Piston rings need to be replaced |
| The flywheel to crankshaft bolts are loose - Tighten bolts as required |
| External oil leaks: Defective seals or gaskets - Replace to repair leaks |
| Wrong oil viscosity - Use oil of correct viscosity |
| Piston rings are stuck or worn - Piston rings need to be replaced |
| Valve guides or stems are damaged - Replace defective valves |
| Pistons or cylinder liners are scored - Check liners and pistons, install new components as required |
| Electrical System Troubleshooting |
| Battery won’t charge |
| Defective battery - Battery replacement required |
| Bad battery wiring harness - Inspect wiring for malfunctions, replace or repair |
| Battery cables and terminals are loose or corroded - Service or tighten battery terminals and cables |
| Worn belt or improperly adjusted belt tension - Change belt or properly adjust belt tension |
| Low battery voltage - Battery needs to be recharged |
| Battery is not holding charge - Service charging system or install new battery |
| Damaged battery cable harness - Check electrical cables for damage, repair or replace |
| Battery terminals and cables are corroded or loose - Tighten or clean terminals and cables |
| Battery capacity is low - Charge the battery |
| Discharged or faulty battery - Need to charge or replace the battery |
| Starter motor is damaged - Starter needs to be replaced |
| Improperly connected or disconnected cables - Check battery cables and connect properly |
| Transmission Troubleshooting |
| Gear hard to shift |
| Failure or improper clutch adjustment - Adjust clutch or change if necessary |
| Damaged or loose gear shift linkage - Change defective shift linkage |
| Worn or damaged shift forks - Change defective shift forks |
| Gearshift mechanism is worn out - Repair or replace worn components if required |
| Low transmission pressure |
| Lack of transmission fluid supply - Check and refill the transmission fluid |
| Dirty transmission oil filter (if fitted) - Replace or service transmission oil filter |
| Relief valve is faulty - Replace relief valve as required |
| Broken or worn bearings - Replace the bearings |
| Lack of transmission fluid supply - Fill up the transmission fluid |
| Transmission oil contamination - Change transmission oil |
| Improper backlash or damaged gears - Replace gears or set backlash correctly |
| Damaged or worn shift forks - Shift forks need to be replaced |
| Seals or gaskets are damaged - Gaskets or seal replacement required |
| Cracked transmission housing - Housing needs to be replaced |
| Hydraulics Troubleshooting |
| Excessive hydraulic system heat |
| Incorrect hydraulic system pressure setting - Change the pressure settings |
| Main relief valve is damaged or adjusted improperly - Replace or set up the relief valve |
| Dirty hydraulic fluid - The fluid must be changed |
| Air in hydraulic system - Inspect the suction line, pump seals, and fittings |
| Low hydraulic fluid pressure |
| Hydraulic oil level is insufficient - Add oil to the hydraulic system |
| Hydraulic oil filter clogging - Clean the hydraulic filter or install new filter element |
| Defective hydraulic pump - Flow-rate hydraulic pump and replace pump if necessary |
| Hydraulic spool valve is faulty or out of adjustment - Set properly or replace |
| Hydraulic cylinder is faulty - Check cylinder components for damage or wear and change if necessary |
| Hydraulic piping leaks - Inspect hydraulic system for leaks and repair it |
| 3-point hitch lifts slowly or won't lift |
| Lack of hydraulic oil - Add oil to the hydraulic system |
| Hydraulic fluid is too cold - Allow fluid to warm |
| Hydraulic fluid filter clogging - Replace hydraulic filter element or service if necessary |
| Defective hydraulic pump - Test pump performance and replace pump if necessary |
| Main relief valve is damaged or adjusted improperly - Adjust relief valve or change if required |
| Hydraulic spool valve block is not set properly or defective - Set correctly or replace |
| Hydraulic cylinder is faulty - Check cylinder components for damage or wear and change if necessary |
| Suction pipe is damaged or loose - Repair or change |
| Hitch does not lower or lowers very slowly |
| Hydraulic control valve is not set properly or defective - Replace or adjust correctly |
| Hydraulic cylinder failure - Check the hydraulic cylinder parts for damage or wear and replace if necessary |
| Damaged lift arm shaft - Replace the shaft |
| Defective mechanical parts of the hitch - Replace defective or worn hitch parts |
| Jerky lifting or lowering of 3-point hitch |
| Air enters in hydraulic system - Inspect the pump seals, suction line, and fittings |
| Hydraulic oil contamination - Change the oil |
| Hydraulic pump not working - Test the pump flow rate and install new pump if required |
| Hydraulic control valve is not set properly or defective - Adjust correctly or replace |
| Hydraulic cylinder is broken - Check cylinder components for damage or wear and change if necessary |
| Steering System Troubleshooting |
| Steering wheel is hard to turn |
| Steering column is broken or incorrectly fitted - Steering column needs to be refit correctly or replaced |
| Aeration in steering system - Bleed the system of air |
| Improper toe-in - Adjust toe-in correctly |
| Tire pressure is improper - Inflate the tires properly |
| Damaged hydraulic steering pump - Replace or repair steering pump |
| Steering valve assembly is worn or defective - Inspect and replace as required |
| Relief valve is seized or defective - Flush relief valve or change if necessary |
| Lack of steering fluid - Need to add steering oil |
| Steering system oil leak - Retighten steering line and hose connections |
| Steering wheel free play is excessive |
| Steering column coupling or shaft is worn - Change defective part |
| Damaged or worn steering valve assembly - Inspect and replace as required |
| Hydraulic steering pump is defective - Replace or repair steering pump |
| Steering tie-rod ends or linkage are defective - Replace damaged part |
| Front wheels wander to left or right |
| Tires are incorrectly inflated - Inflate as required |
| Incorrect toe-in adjustment - Adjust toe-in wheels properly |
| Steering linkage or tie-rod ends are defective - Change failed component |
| Steering valve assembly has wear or malfunction - Inspect and change as required |
| Steering valve cylinder failure - Repair or replace hydraulic steering valve cylinder |
| Defective or improperly adjusted front hub bearings - Adjust properly or replace bearings |
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| Farm Tractors Technical Specifications |
